The origins of this classic gin cocktail are unclear being attributed to each of the Occidental Hotel in San Francisco in 1860, the town of Martinez in California and a barman at the Knickerbocker Hotel in New York in 1911. However, it came to fame during the Prohibition era in America as the relative ease of illegal gin manufacture led to its rise as the predominant cocktail. The Martini has been immortalised by James Bond, who likes it shaken not stirred and Ernest Hemmingway who wrote in Farewell to Arms “ I’ve never tasted anything so cool and clean. It makes me feel civilised”.